See seien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "durren seien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "man seieth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nombren and seien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien afore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biforen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien alas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien and holden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien and singen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien as to berken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien aye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien ayen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien bodeword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien chek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chek-mat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien despit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien lofword of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien nai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "upon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien ouen talent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien saue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "seien soth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to seien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "withseien"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "say"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "say"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sa"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "zey"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "zei"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_say"
],
[
"*sagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną"
],
[
"*saggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saggjan"
],
[
"seċġan",
"secgan#Old_English"
],
[
"seċġan",
"secgan#Old_English"
],
[
"*saggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saggjan"
],
[
"*sagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seċġan",
"id": "say",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"seċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"seien\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"say\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"seien\" id=\"Middle_English:_say\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seċġan",
"t": "to say"
},
"expansion": "Old English seċġan (“to say”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*saggjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *saggjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sagjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sagjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seċġan",
"id": "say",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien\nFrom Old English seċġan (“to say”), from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną. The pronunciation with /æi̯/ is from generalization of Old English inflected forms with the stem sæġ-, whereas the pronunciation with /d͡ʒ/ is from inflected forms with the stem seċġ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seiest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seiynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yseid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "saien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sain",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "san",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sægen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sægenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæggene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secȝende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "segen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggane",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "segcean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seȝȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sein",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seigen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seiȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seiȝn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seuggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sigen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sucgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sugen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "suggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ziggen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "ziggene",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "seien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sei",
"c": "de",
"y": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 13 6 8 5 6 6 13 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 6 6 3 3 4 12 7 11 6 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 6 5 5 6 6 12 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 5 4 4 4 4 9 8 17 8 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 4 4 3 3 3 3 7 6 24 6 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 6 6 6 5 5 5 11 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 6 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To declare, to state in speech (and, by extension, in writing)"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-sabTnpTZ",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"declare",
"declare"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To answer, to reply"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-cuR3m4vW",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"answer",
"answer"
],
[
"reply",
"reply"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To call, to name or define"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-4DXHuS5I",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"define",
"define"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To describe; to narrate"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-DHEQSS5S",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"describe",
"describe"
],
[
"narrate",
"narrate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To mean, to intend to say"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-whpgcbej",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"intend",
"intend"
],
[
"say",
"say"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To teach or direct"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb--eUL3ABy",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"teach",
"teach"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To recite, to sing"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-ewJaK~2V",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"recite",
"recite"
],
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(ecclesiastical) To recite, to sing"
],
"topics": [
"ecclesiastical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 6 6 3 3 4 12 7 11 6 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 6 5 5 6 6 12 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 6 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To affirm, to assert"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-QAB8MjQc",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(law) To affirm, to assert"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 6 5 5 6 6 12 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 6 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To plead"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-eac-2Gps",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(law) To plead"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 6 6 3 3 4 12 7 11 6 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 8 5 6 6 13 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 6 5 5 6 6 12 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 5 4 4 4 4 9 8 17 8 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 4 4 3 3 3 3 7 6 24 6 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 6 5 5 5 5 5 11 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Say!"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-XE3hBaAS",
"raw_glosses": [
"(interjection) Say!"
],
"tags": [
"interjection"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯ən/",
"note": "from Old English sæġ-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛd͡ʒən/",
"note": "from Old English seċġ-"
}
],
"word": "seien"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "seien aslepe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "seien doun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "seien of lif"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sǣġan",
"sægan#Old_English"
],
[
"*saigijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saigijaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sǣġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sǣġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*saigijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saigijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sǣġan, from Proto-Germanic *saigijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seiest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seiynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yseid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "seȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "seien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sei",
"c": "de",
"y": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To fall down, to sink"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-WbVVVh4~",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 6 6 3 3 4 12 7 11 6 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go to"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-yqQlJ~3F",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pass, to go by"
],
"id": "en-seien-enm-verb-fLDU8RvU",
"links": [
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of time) To pass, to go by"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "seien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English links with redundant wikilinks",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (say)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "durren seien"
},
{
"word": "man seieth"
},
{
"word": "nombren and seien"
},
{
"word": "seien afore"
},
{
"word": "biforen"
},
{
"word": "seien alas"
},
{
"word": "seien and holden"
},
{
"word": "seien and singen"
},
{
"word": "seien as to berken"
},
{
"word": "seien aye"
},
{
"word": "seien ayen"
},
{
"word": "seien bodeword"
},
{
"word": "seien chek"
},
{
"word": "chek-mat"
},
{
"word": "seien despit"
},
{
"word": "seien lofword of"
},
{
"word": "seien nai"
},
{
"word": "seien of"
},
{
"word": "on"
},
{
"word": "unto"
},
{
"word": "upon"
},
{
"word": "seien ouen talent"
},
{
"word": "seien saue"
},
{
"word": "seien soth"
},
{
"word": "to seien"
},
{
"word": "withseien"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "say"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "say"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sa"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "zey"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "zei"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_say"
],
[
"*sagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną"
],
[
"*saggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saggjan"
],
[
"seċġan",
"secgan#Old_English"
],
[
"seċġan",
"secgan#Old_English"
],
[
"*saggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saggjan"
],
[
"*sagjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seċġan",
"id": "say",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sagjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"seċġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"seien\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"say\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"seien\" id=\"Middle_English:_say\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seċġan",
"t": "to say"
},
"expansion": "Old English seċġan (“to say”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*saggjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *saggjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sagjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sagjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seċġan",
"id": "say",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-éye-ti\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti\nProto-Germanic *sagjaną\nProto-West Germanic *saggjan\nOld English seċġan\nMiddle English seien\nFrom Old English seċġan (“to say”), from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną. The pronunciation with /æi̯/ is from generalization of Old English inflected forms with the stem sæġ-, whereas the pronunciation with /d͡ʒ/ is from inflected forms with the stem seċġ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seiest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seiynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yseid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "saien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sain",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "san",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sægen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sægenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæggene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secgenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "secȝende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sæcgenne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "segen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggane",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "segcean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seȝȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sein",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seigen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seiȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seiȝn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seuggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sigen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sucgen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sugen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "suggen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ziggen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "ziggene",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "seien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sei",
"c": "de",
"y": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To declare, to state in speech (and, by extension, in writing)"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"declare",
"declare"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To answer, to reply"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"answer",
"answer"
],
[
"reply",
"reply"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To call, to name or define"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"define",
"define"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To describe; to narrate"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"describe",
"describe"
],
[
"narrate",
"narrate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To mean, to intend to say"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"intend",
"intend"
],
[
"say",
"say"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To teach or direct"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"teach",
"teach"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English ecclesiastical terms"
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To recite, to sing"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"recite",
"recite"
],
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(ecclesiastical) To recite, to sing"
],
"topics": [
"ecclesiastical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To affirm, to assert"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(law) To affirm, to assert"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"To plead"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To say, that is:",
"(law) To plead"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Say!"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interjection) Say!"
],
"tags": [
"interjection"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯ən/",
"note": "from Old English sæġ-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛd͡ʒən/",
"note": "from Old English seċġ-"
}
],
"word": "seien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "seien aslepe"
},
{
"word": "seien doun"
},
{
"word": "seien of lif"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sǣġan",
"sægan#Old_English"
],
[
"*saigijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saigijaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sǣġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sǣġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*saigijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saigijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sǣġan, from Proto-Germanic *saigijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seiest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seiynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "seid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yseid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "seȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "seien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sei",
"c": "de",
"y": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To fall down, to sink"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go to"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pass, to go by"
],
"links": [
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of time) To pass, to go by"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "seien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for seien meaning in Middle English (14.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.